1/10/2011

美国的州,旗,徽

美国的州:美国除本土的48个州以外,还包括阿拉斯加(Alaska)和夏威夷(Hawaii)共计50个州。

州(略写)                                          建州日          面积/Km2    人口/2010年         首府
Alabama(AL)阿拉巴马                        1819.12.14          135,765                4,779,736                 Montgomery
Alaska(AK)阿拉斯加                            1959.1.3               663,267                710,231                      Juneau
Arizona(AZ)亚利桑那                          1912.2.14             113,998                6,392,017                  Phoenix
Arkansas(AR)阿肯色                           1836.6.15            52,897                  2,915,918                   Little Rock
California(CA)加利福尼亚               1850.9.9              423,970               37,253,956               Sacramento
Colorado(CO)科罗拉多                          1876.8.1              269,837                5,029,196                  Denver
Connecticut(CT)康涅狄克                  1788.1.9             14,356                     3,574,097                 Hartford
Delaware(DE)德拉威尔                        1787.12.7          6,452                       897,934                     Dover
Florida(FL)佛罗里达                             1845.3.3             170,304                 18,801,310               Tallahassee
Georgia(GA)佐治亚                                 1788.1.2             153,909                  9,687,653                Atlanta
Hawaii(HI)夏威夷                                  1959.8.21           28,311                     1,360,301                 Honolulu
Idaho(ID)爱达荷                                       1890.7.3             216,632                  1,567,582                 Boise
Illinois(IL)伊利诺伊                             1818.12.3           141,998                   12,830,632              Springfield
Indiana(IN)印地安那                         1816.12.11         94,321                      6,483,802                Indianapolis
Iowa(IA)艾奥瓦                                        1846.12.28        145,743                   3,046,355                Des Moines
Kansas(KS)堪萨斯                                  1861.1.29           213,096                   2,853,118                 Topeka
Kentucky(KY)肯德基                            1792.6.1             104,659                   4,339,367                Frankfort      
Louisiana(LA)路易斯安那              1812.4.30           135,382                   4,533,372                Baton Rouge
Maine(ME)缅因                                         1820.3.15           91,646                     1,328,361                 Augusta
Maryland(MD)马里兰                           1788.4.28           32,133                     5,773,552               Annapolis
Massachusetts(MA)马萨诸萨         1788.2.6             27,336                    6,547,629                Boston
Michigan(MI)密西根                              1837.1.26          253,793                  9,883,640                Lansing
Minnesota(MN)明尼苏达                   1858.3.11          225,181                   5,303,925                 Saint Paul
Mississippi(MS)密西西比                  1817.12.10       125,443                   2,967,297                Jackson
Missouri(MO)密苏里                               1821.8.10         180,553                   5,988,927                Jefferson City
Montana(MT)蒙大拿                               1889.11.8          381,156                   989,415                     Helena
Nebraska(NE)内布拉斯加                 1867.3.1            200,520                 1,826,341                  Lincoln
Nevada(NV)内华达                                 1864.10.31       286,367                  2,700,551                Carson City
New Hampshire(NH)新罕布什尔1788.6.21          24,217                     1,316,470                Concord
New Jersey(NJ)新泽西                          1787.12.18       22,608                     8,791,894                Trenton
New Mexico(NM)新墨西哥                 1912.1.6             315,194                   2,059,179               Santa Fe
New York(NY)纽约                                  1788.7.26         141,299                   19,378,102             Albany
North Carolina(NC)北卡罗来纳   1789.11.21        139,509                  9,535,483                Raleigh
North Dakota(ND)北达科他             1889.11.2          183,272                   672,591                    Bismarck 
Ohio(OH)俄亥俄                                         1803.3.1             116,096                   11,536,504             Columbus
Oklahoma(OK)奥克拉荷马                1907.11.6          181,195                    3,751,351               Oklahoma City
Oregon(OR)俄勒冈                                   1859.2.14           255,026                 3,831,074              Salem
Pennsylvania(PA)宾西法尼亚      1787.12.12        119,283                  12,702,379           Harrisburg
Rhode Island(RI)罗得岛                      1790.3.29          3,140                       1,052,567              Providence
South Carolina(SC)南卡罗来纳     1788.5.23          82,931                      4,625,364              Columbia
South Dakota(SD)南达科他               1889.11.2           199,905                   814,180                  Pierre
Tennessee(TN)田那西                            1796.6.1             109,247                  6,346,105              Nashville
Texas(TX)德克萨斯                                 1845.12.29       696,241                  25,145,561            Austin
Utah(UT)犹他                                               1896.1.4             219,887                 2,763,885              Salt lake City
Vermont(VT)佛蒙特                               1791.3.4             24,923                    625,741                   Montpelier
Virginia(VA)弗吉尼亚                        1788.6.25          110,785                  8,001,024              Richmond
Washington(WA)华盛顿                    1889.11.11         184,827                  6,724,540              Olympia
West Virginia(WV)西弗吉尼亚    1863.6.20          62,755                     1,852,994               Charleston
Wisconsin(WI)威斯康星                    1848.5.29           169,639                   5,686,986               Madison
Wyoming(WY)怀俄明                          1890.7.10          253,348                   563,626                   Cheyenne

Washington D.C.华盛顿(美国首都) 1790.7.16          177                              572,059                   Washington D.C.
                                  歌伦比亚特别行政区


美国国旗:
美国国旗的旗面由13道红白相间的寛条组成,左上角有一个包含50颗白色五星的蓝色长方形。50颗小星代表了美利坚合众国的50个州,而13条红白相间宽条则象征着美国最早建国时的13个殖民地。红色象征勇气,白色象征真理,蓝色则象征着正义。
美国国旗又俗称“星条旗”,正式名称为「合众国旗」(The Flag of the United States)。美国国旗在正式启用后曾经修改过28次,最早期的国旗只有13颗星,之后每加入一个州至联邦政府,就在国旗上加一颗星,但宽条数目始终不变。根据1818年4月4日通过的《国旗法》,只能在7月4日美国独立日那一天对国旗作出修改。1959年8月21日夏威夷正式成为最后一个加入美国的州,次年国庆日,国旗上的49颗星被改为50颗-这也是美国国旗最后一次的修改,并且沿用到现在。
美国国徽:
美国国徽实际上是美国官方大纹章(Great Seal of the United States)上的图案,印章存放在美国国务院,第一次使用于1782年。事实上,美国并未指定一个国徽图案,但纹章正面的图像实际上已成为美国的象征,且经常出现在官方文件。

国徽正面:国徽正面主要形象图案是白头海雕-象征着力量,勇气,自由和不朽。白头海雕的双翅展开,左右鹰爪分别握着象征和平和武力的橄榄枝和箭。鹰头目视右方,象征着期盼和平。鹰嘴叼着的飘带上些着拉丁文格言“合众为一”(E Pluribus Unum)。鹰头上方象征着拥有主权的新生国家“光环",蓝色背景内镶嵌着13颗五角星,象征美国最初的13个州。
 美国国徽正面

国徽反面:国徽背面主体是未完成的金字塔,金字塔的底部用罗马数字刻着独立年份-1776年。金字塔未完工的顶端,所谓的普罗维登斯之眼观察着万物众生。上面的铭文-Annuit Coeptis,意思是某人”认可我们开始“,下面的Novus Ordo Seclorum,意指“时代新秩序"。
美国国徽背面


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